At the Digital Technology Conference hosted at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) International Convention Centre, Chief of the South African Air Force, Lieutenant General Wiseman Mbambo, delivered a thought-provoking address that explored the evolving relationship between digital sovereignty and future air and space power within the modern military environment.
Speaking under the theme Digital Sovereignty and the Evolution of South African Air-Space Power, Lt Gen Mbambo highlighted how the traditional understanding of sovereignty is rapidly changing in the twenty-first century. He explained that national sovereignty can no longer be defined solely by geographical borders but is increasingly determined by the ability of a nation to control its digital infrastructure, communications networks and assured access to space-enabled services.
He emphasised that digital sovereignty is becoming an intrinsic component of national security and strategic independence. Space-based systems today underpin navigation, communications, environmental monitoring, financial transactions, disaster management and defence operations, forming an invisible yet critical infrastructure that supports the functioning of the modern state.
Lt Gen Mbambo further noted that while South Africa continues to earn recognition both continentally and internationally in selected areas of space science and technology, capability alone does not guarantee sovereignty. Instead, true sovereignty depends on the integration, alignment and strategic direction of these capabilities to ensure they serve national interests effectively.
He stressed that technology without proper governance introduces new vulnerabilities and risks within the defence environment. Strategic enablers such as policy alignment between defence and civilian institutions, robust cyber security frameworks, responsible artificial intelligence governance, clear data ownership structures and continued investment in skills development are therefore essential to ensure that technological advancement strengthens rather than undermines national defence capabilities.
Artificial Intelligence emerged as a key focus area throughout the conference with several speakers examining its growing role within the military domain. AI was presented not as a replacement for existing systems but as an advanced tool capable of enhancing planning, improving operational decision-making and enabling the development of autonomous and semi-autonomous systems in support of defence objectives.
Delegates were reminded that when introduced responsibly AI has the potential to improve efficiency, sustainability and operational readiness across the South African National Defence Force. However its implementation must be guided by strong ethical frameworks and strategic oversight to ensure that technological progress remains aligned with national values and security priorities.
The address reinforced the importance of embracing emerging technologies while maintaining disciplined governance, positioning digital capability as a central pillar of future South African air and space power.
